Last Updated: February 18, 2026
Why Beta-Sitosterol and Lignans Hold the Key to Prostate Comfort
The vibrant green of these fresh stinging nettle leaves signals a high concentration of defense chemicals like beta-sitosterol, cultivated through intense biological soil interaction to support healthy prostate function.
The compounds that actually modulate prostate tissue, beta-sitosterol and lignans found in stinging nettle root, are defense chemicals the plant produces when stressed by living soil microbes. Most men searching for prostate support have already heard of saw palmetto or nettle root. What they rarely learn is why the same herb can vary so dramatically in effectiveness from one source to the next. The answer is not in the label. It is in the soil.
When a plant like stinging nettle grows in biologically active soil teeming with mycorrhizal fungi, beneficial bacteria, and complex microbial networks, it faces constant low-level biological challenge. In response, the plant produces higher concentrations of the very secondary metabolites, lignans, sterols, and flavonoids, that researchers have linked to prostate and urinary health. This is chemistry created by struggle, not comfort. A nettle root grown in sterile, industrial substrate simply cannot produce the same phytochemical profile.
At Sacred Plant Co, our approach is rooted in regenerative thinking. We practice Korean Natural Farming (KNF) at our I·M·POSSIBLE Farm, building soil biology rather than depleting it. Independent lab analysis documented a 400% increase in soil microbial activity in a single season, and our Haney Soil Health Score of 25.4 surpasses benchmarks set by pristine forest ecosystems. You can review the Haney Score data for yourself. We believe this level of soil vitality translates directly into the potency of the herbs we offer.
What You'll Learn in This Guide
- How six key herbs, including stinging nettle root, saw palmetto, and turmeric, support prostate and urinary health through distinct mechanisms
- The specific phytochemicals (beta-sitosterol, curcumin, EGCG) responsible for prostate-protective effects and how soil health influences their concentration
- Evidence-based dosage guidelines for teas, tinctures, and bulk preparations
- How to identify premium-quality prostate herbs through sensory evaluation of color, aroma, and texture
- Safety considerations, contraindications, and herb-drug interactions every man should understand
- A prostate-supporting herbal tea recipe combining complementary botanical actions
- How regenerative agriculture practices connect directly to the medicinal potency of the herbs you choose
- Answers to the most frequently asked questions about herbs for prostate wellness
Understanding Prostate Health and Why It Matters
Prostate health refers to the maintenance of a normal-sized, well-functioning prostate gland that supports comfortable urinary flow and reproductive wellness throughout a man's life. The prostate is a walnut-sized gland positioned just below the bladder, surrounding the urethra. Its primary function is producing seminal fluid, but its location means that any swelling or inflammation directly impacts urinary comfort.
As men age, the prostate commonly undergoes a process called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement that affects an estimated 50% of men over age 50 and up to 90% of men by age 80.1 BPH does not increase the risk of prostate cancer, but it can significantly reduce quality of life through symptoms like frequent nighttime urination, weak urinary stream, incomplete bladder emptying, and urgency.
The mechanisms behind prostate enlargement involve hormonal shifts, particularly the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. DHT stimulates prostate cell growth. Chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and estrogen imbalances also contribute to the progression of BPH symptoms.2 This is precisely where botanical support becomes relevant. Certain herbs contain compounds that address these root mechanisms, offering a multi-pathway approach to prostate wellness that targets hormonal balance, inflammation, and oxidative damage simultaneously.
Key Herbs for Prostate Health and Their Mechanisms
The most well-researched herbs for prostate support work through three primary pathways: 5-alpha reductase inhibition, anti-inflammatory action, and antioxidant protection of prostate tissue. Understanding these mechanisms helps you select the right herbs for your specific concerns and combine them intelligently for broader support.
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)
Saw palmetto berries contain a complex of fatty acids and phytosterols that inhibit 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to DHT. This mechanism closely mirrors pharmaceutical 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, though with a gentler action profile. In European countries, saw palmetto extracts account for up to 80% of all prescriptions for BPH management.3 The lipophilic extract, particularly when standardized for free fatty acids above 80%, has shown the most consistent results in clinical settings. A 2024 comparative study found that saw palmetto at 320mg daily produced improvements in urinary flow and symptom scores comparable to both finasteride and tamsulosin over a six-month period.4 It is important to note that a 2024 Cochrane Review of 27 studies found no statistically significant improvement versus placebo, highlighting that evidence remains mixed and that standardization of extracts may influence outcomes.5
Stinging Nettle Root (Urtica dioica)
Stinging nettle grown in regeneratively managed, biologically active soil produces superior root phytochemistry, forcing the plant to synthesize the exact lignans and sterols required for hormonal and prostate regulation.
Stinging nettle root contains lignans, sterols (including beta-sitosterol), and polysaccharides that interact with hormone metabolism and reduce prostatic inflammation through multiple pathways. Unlike nettle leaf, which is primarily nutritive and anti-inflammatory, nettle root specifically targets sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and aromatase activity, making it uniquely suited for prostate support.6 In vitro research has demonstrated that a combination of saw palmetto fruit and nettle root extract reduced reactive oxygen species, NF-kB nuclear translocation, and inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6 and IL-8) in human BPH cell models.7 This dual-herb approach is widely used in European phytotherapy protocols. Because the prostate-relevant compounds are defense molecules the plant manufactures when interacting with living soil biology, sourcing quality matters immensely. A deep exploration of stinging nettle's rich historical and scientific profile reveals why this herb has maintained its reputation across millennia of use.
Pygeum (Prunus africana)
Pygeum bark contains pentacyclic triterpenes, ferulic acid esters, and phytosterols that reduce prostate inflammation, inhibit growth factors involved in prostatic hyperplasia, and improve urinary symptoms. Clinical data supports its use for reducing nighttime urination frequency, improving urinary flow, and decreasing residual bladder volume. Pygeum's unique contribution lies in its ability to inhibit fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), both of which are implicated in abnormal prostate cell proliferation. Note that due to overharvesting, sustainable sourcing of pygeum is a significant concern, and conservation efforts are ongoing to protect wild populations of the African cherry tree.
Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo)
Pumpkin seeds are one of the richest natural sources of zinc, a mineral essential for normal prostate metabolism, alongside delta-7-sterols and essential fatty acids that support hormonal balance. Zinc concentrations in prostate tissue are higher than in any other organ in the body, and deficiency has been associated with increased BPH risk. The delta-7-sterols in pumpkin seeds may inhibit DHT binding at the prostate, while the essential fatty acid profile supports healthy inflammatory response. This makes pumpkin seed an excellent nutritive complement to more targeted botanical interventions like saw palmetto or nettle root.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
The deep, saturated golden hue of regeneratively grown turmeric reveals a profound concentration of curcumin, a powerful antioxidant that modulates inflammatory pathways to protect delicate prostate tissue.
Turmeric's primary active compound, curcumin, reduces prostatic inflammation through inhibition of NF-kB, COX-2, and lipoxygenase inflammatory pathways, while simultaneously providing potent antioxidant protection to prostate cells. Research published in BioFactors reviewed over 7,000 scientific papers on turmeric, confirming its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects.8 Curcumin's ability to modulate multiple molecular targets involved in inflammation makes it a valuable adjunct for prostate wellness. Because curcumin bioavailability is inherently low, pairing turmeric with black pepper (piperine) increases absorption by up to 2,000%. For a deeper understanding of curcumin's mechanisms, our guide to turmeric's Ayurvedic and clinical applications is a worthwhile companion read.
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)
Vivid needle-shaped sencha leaves indicate careful steaming and minimal oxidation, preserving the delicate EGCG catechins that provide essential antioxidant defense and hormonal support for aging men.
Green tea's catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), influence multiple biochemical cascades relevant to prostate health, including antioxidant defense, inflammatory pathway modulation, and cellular proliferation regulation. Epidemiological data shows that prostate cancer mortality rates are among the lowest in Asian countries where green tea consumption is highest.9 Laboratory studies have demonstrated that EGCG inhibits 5-alpha reductase (similar to saw palmetto's mechanism), modulates androgen receptor expression, and reduces oxidative stress through NF-kB pathway suppression.10 Clinical trials using 400mg EGCG daily observed decreases in serum PSA levels and were generally well tolerated.11
How to Identify Premium Prostate-Supporting Herbs
The sensory qualities of dried herbs, their color, aroma, texture, and taste, are direct indicators of phytochemical integrity and proper processing. If it doesn't bite back, it's not working. Here is what to look for when evaluating quality.
Stinging Nettle (Leaf and Root)
Color: Premium dried nettle leaf should be a vibrant, deep green, not olive, brown, or grey. Browning indicates oxidation and loss of chlorophyll-bound nutrients. Nettle root should appear light tan to pale yellow, with clean, fibrous texture.
Aroma: Fresh-dried nettle leaf has a distinctly "green" scent, similar to freshly mowed hay with mineral undertones. It should smell alive. If it smells flat, musty, or like stale cardboard, the volatile compounds have degraded.
Texture: Leaf should be dry enough to crumble between your fingers but not powdery. Root should snap cleanly, not bend. Bendable root suggests excessive moisture content and potential microbial issues.
Taste: A small sip of nettle leaf tea should deliver a pronounced mineral "bite," an almost briny, iron-rich flavor that tingles. Weakness or blandness signals poor growing conditions or old stock.
Turmeric Root Powder
Color: True premium turmeric is a deep, saturated golden-orange. Pale yellow powder suggests dilution, age, or low curcumin content. The staining power of the powder is itself a rough indicator of curcuminoid concentration.
Aroma: Fresh turmeric should have a warm, earthy, slightly peppery fragrance with resinous undertones. It should catch in the back of the nose.
Texture: Fine, even grind with no grit or lumps. Silky when rubbed between fingers. The powder should leave an intense stain on skin almost immediately.
Green Tea (Sencha)
Color: High-quality sencha should display bright, vivid green needle-shaped leaves. Dull, brownish, or yellow-tinged leaves indicate poor processing or oxidation.
Aroma: Premium sencha has a fresh, vegetal aroma with oceanic or umami notes. Some describe it as "steamed greens." If it smells like dried grass or paper, the catechin profile has likely degraded.
Taste: The first sip should deliver a balance of gentle astringency, sweetness, and umami. A sharp or excessively bitter taste at recommended brewing temperatures (160-175°F) suggests poor leaf quality.
Proper storage is essential for maintaining these sensory qualities. For detailed guidance on preserving the potency of your herbs long-term, refer to our guide on how to buy, store, and use herbs in bulk.
Scientific Research Supporting Herbs for Prostate Health
Multiple clinical and preclinical studies support the use of botanical interventions for prostate health, though the quality of evidence varies by herb and study design.
The combination of saw palmetto and stinging nettle root has been studied most extensively in European clinical settings. A 2020 in vitro study using human BPH cell models validated that a fixed combination of Serenoa repens and Urtica dioica extracts reduced reactive oxygen species production, suppressed NF-kB nuclear translocation (a key inflammatory pathway), and lowered IL-6 and IL-8 inflammatory cytokine levels.7 This provides a molecular basis for the traditional European practice of combining these two herbs.
Saw palmetto research has been extensive but mixed. While preclinical studies consistently demonstrate anti-androgenic, pro-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and a 2024 comparative trial showed symptom improvement comparable to pharmaceutical options at 320mg daily,4 the most rigorous Cochrane Review analysis has questioned whether these effects exceed placebo in larger controlled trials.5 Variability in extract standardization appears to be a significant factor in outcome differences. Hexane-extracted preparations with free fatty acid content above 80% have shown the most consistent results.2
For green tea catechins, a dose-response meta-analysis found a trend toward reduced prostate-related risk with each additional cup of green tea consumed daily, and randomized trials using standardized EGCG demonstrated measurable reductions in serum PSA levels.11 Curcumin research is well-established for its anti-inflammatory effects across multiple tissue types, including prostate, with clinical trials confirming safety at doses up to 8,000mg daily and consistent anti-inflammatory benefits at 1,125 to 2,500mg daily.8
Preparation Methods and Dosage Guidelines
The standard approach to prostate-supporting herbs combines daily tea infusions of nettle root or leaf with concentrated tincture or capsule forms of saw palmetto, allowing complementary actions through different delivery systems.
Tea Infusions
For nettle leaf, steep 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried leaf in 8 ounces of freshly boiled water for 10 to 15 minutes. For a more concentrated nutritive extraction, prepare a long infusion by steeping 1 ounce (roughly a cup of dried leaf) in a quart jar of just-boiled water for 4 to 8 hours, straining in the morning. Green tea should be brewed at 160 to 175°F for 2 to 3 minutes to avoid excessive bitterness while extracting catechins effectively. Turmeric can be simmered (not just steeped) for 10 to 15 minutes in warm milk or water with a pinch of black pepper and a source of fat to support curcumin absorption.
Tinctures
Tinctures provide concentrated, easily absorbed herbal medicine. For nettle root or leaf tincture, 1 to 2 ml (approximately 30 to 60 drops) taken two to three times daily is a standard dose. Tinctures are best taken in a small amount of water, 15 to 20 minutes before meals.
A Note on Intention and Ritual
In many traditional herbal frameworks, the preparation of medicine is itself considered part of the healing process. Taking a moment of quiet attention while preparing your prostate-supporting tea or measuring your tincture is more than sentiment. It signals your nervous system to shift from sympathetic ("fight or flight") dominance toward parasympathetic ("rest and digest") activity, which is itself supportive of healthy urinary function and hormonal balance. Even a few conscious breaths while the kettle heats can change the physiological context in which the herbs do their work.
Prostate-Supporting Herbal Tea Blend
Prostate Comfort Daily Infusion
This blend combines anti-inflammatory, hormone-balancing, and antioxidant actions to support prostate and urinary wellness through complementary botanical mechanisms.
Ingredients:
- 1 teaspoon dried Stinging Nettle Leaf (mineral support, anti-inflammatory)
- 1 teaspoon dried Saw Palmetto berries (hormonal balance, 5-alpha reductase modulation)
- 1/2 teaspoon Sencha Green Tea (antioxidant protection, EGCG)
- 1/4 teaspoon Turmeric Root Powder (curcumin anti-inflammatory support)
- Pinch of black pepper (piperine for curcumin absorption)
- 8 to 10 ounces hot water (175°F is ideal to balance green tea and nettle extraction)
Instructions:
- Combine nettle leaf, saw palmetto, and green tea in a tea infuser or heatproof vessel.
- Stir turmeric powder and black pepper directly into the vessel (these do not filter well through a mesh infuser).
- Pour hot water over the herbs and allow to steep for 10 to 15 minutes, covered.
- Strain through a fine mesh strainer, pressing gently to extract remaining liquid from the herbs.
- Allow to cool slightly. Enjoy once daily, ideally in the morning or early afternoon due to green tea's modest caffeine content.
Benefits: This blend targets prostate health from multiple angles: nettle leaf provides mineral-dense nutritive support and anti-inflammatory action, saw palmetto modulates hormonal pathways, green tea delivers catechin antioxidant protection, and turmeric addresses systemic inflammation. The synergy between these herbs offers broader support than any single herb alone.
Safety, Contraindications, and Energetic Considerations
Most prostate-supporting herbs have favorable safety profiles when used at recommended doses, but specific contraindications exist, particularly around blood-thinning medications, hormone-sensitive conditions, and liver function.
Contraindications (Medical Safety)
Saw Palmetto: May interact with blood-thinning medications (warfarin, aspirin) due to its effects on platelet aggregation. Should be discontinued 2 weeks before scheduled surgery. Men with diagnosed prostate cancer should consult their oncologist before use, as saw palmetto's hormonal effects may theoretically interact with hormone-targeted therapies.
Stinging Nettle: Contains vitamin K, which may interact with anticoagulant medications. Nettle also has mild diuretic effects, so it may alter fluid balance in individuals with kidney conditions. Those taking blood pressure medications, diabetes medications, or lithium should consult a healthcare provider before starting nettle supplementation.
Turmeric/Curcumin: May increase the risk of bleeding when combined with anticoagulants. High-dose curcumin supplements (not culinary use) should be used with caution in individuals with gallbladder disease or bile duct obstruction. May affect absorption of certain medications, and should be separated from iron supplements by at least 2 hours.
Green Tea: Contains caffeine, which may exacerbate urinary urgency in some individuals. High-dose concentrated EGCG supplements have been associated with elevated liver enzymes in some clinical trials. Standard tea consumption (2 to 4 cups daily) has not shown this risk. Green tea can reduce iron absorption, so avoid consuming with meals if iron status is a concern.
Pygeum: Generally well tolerated, but mild gastrointestinal discomfort has been reported in some studies. Limited data on long-term safety beyond 12 months.
Energetic Considerations (Traditional Framework)
From a traditional herbal energetics perspective, prostate-supporting protocols typically aim to clear damp heat (a pattern characterized by swelling, inflammation, and urinary discomfort). Nettle root and leaf are considered cooling and drying, making them particularly well-suited for this pattern. Turmeric is warming and drying. Green tea is cooling and mildly astringent. A well-constructed prostate protocol balances these energetic qualities based on the individual's overall constitution. If you tend to run cold with pale, abundant urine, emphasize the warming herbs (turmeric, saw palmetto). If you tend toward heat with dark, scanty, or burning urine, lean into the cooling herbs (nettle, green tea).
Always consult a healthcare provider before beginning any new herbal protocol, particularly if you are managing a diagnosed prostate condition, taking prescription medications, or experiencing new or worsening urinary symptoms. Herbal support is not a replacement for medical evaluation.
Premium Prostate-Supporting Herbs from Sacred Plant Co
We source our herbs with the same regenerative philosophy that guides our farming, prioritizing quality, potency, and ecological integrity in every selection.
Stinging Nettle Leaf Bulk
Starting at $13.96
Tasting Notes: Mineral-rich, briny green flavor with earthy, hay-like undertones
Caffeine-FreePremium dried Urtica dioica leaves, carefully processed to preserve their vibrant green color and concentrated mineral content. Ideal for daily nutritive infusions, long steeps, and prostate-supporting tea blends.
View Product Details
Stinging Nettle Tincture
Starting at $9.99
Tasting Notes: Deep, herbaceous concentrate with pronounced green, mineral character
Caffeine-FreeDouble-strength Urtica dioica extract for concentrated prostate and urinary support. A convenient, rapidly absorbed format for daily use alongside teas and dietary approaches.
View Product Details
Turmeric Root Powder
Starting at $12.99
Tasting Notes: Warm, earthy, and peppery with deep resinous undertones and lingering warmth
Caffeine-FreePremium Curcuma longa root powder with rich golden-orange color, indicating optimal curcuminoid concentration. Perfect for golden milk preparations, tea blends, and culinary applications supporting systemic anti-inflammatory wellness.
View Product Details
Ryokucha Sencha Green Tea
Starting at $17.17
Tasting Notes: Bright, vegetal with oceanic umami and clean, balanced astringency
Contains CaffeinePremium Japanese Sencha with vibrant green needle-shaped leaves, carefully steamed to preserve maximum catechin content. Rich in EGCG for antioxidant protection and prostate cell support.
View Product DetailsTransparency and Lab Testing
At Sacred Plant Co, we believe you deserve to know exactly what is in your herbs. We maintain Certificates of Analysis (COA) for our products, verifying purity, potency, and the absence of contaminants. To understand what lab testing means for the herbs you consume, read our guide on how to read a Certificate of Analysis.
Request COA by Lot #Frequently Asked Questions About Herbs for Prostate Health
What is the best herb for an enlarged prostate?
No single herb is universally "best," but saw palmetto and stinging nettle root have the most extensive clinical research for BPH symptom management. Saw palmetto targets 5-alpha reductase and DHT production, while nettle root modulates SHBG binding and reduces prostatic inflammation. Many European phytotherapy protocols combine both herbs for broader coverage. The most effective approach depends on your specific symptoms, overall health, and any medications you are currently taking.
How long does it take for prostate-supporting herbs to work?
Most clinical studies demonstrate measurable improvements in prostate and urinary symptoms after 4 to 8 weeks of consistent daily use. Unlike pharmaceutical interventions, which often produce faster symptomatic relief, herbal protocols typically work by gradually addressing underlying mechanisms like inflammation and hormonal imbalance. Some men report subjective improvement in urinary comfort within the first 2 weeks, but full therapeutic benefit usually requires at least 6 to 12 weeks of sustained use.
Can I take saw palmetto and nettle root together?
Yes, combining saw palmetto and nettle root is a well-established practice in European phytotherapy for prostate support. The combination product (Sabal serrulata fruit extract plus Urtica dioica root extract) is approved in several countries for BPH-related lower urinary tract symptoms. In vitro research has validated synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects when these two extracts are combined.7
Are herbs for prostate health safe to take with prescription medications?
Many prostate herbs are generally safe alongside common medications, but specific interactions exist, particularly with blood thinners, blood pressure medications, and hormone therapies. Saw palmetto may affect platelet function. Nettle contains vitamin K, which can interfere with warfarin. Turmeric can increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants. Green tea may reduce iron absorption and interact with certain chemotherapy drugs. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining herbal protocols with prescription medications.
Does green tea help with prostate health?
Epidemiological evidence and laboratory studies suggest green tea catechins, especially EGCG, may support prostate health through antioxidant protection, anti-inflammatory action, and modulation of androgen pathways. Countries with the highest green tea consumption consistently report lower prostate-related mortality rates. Clinical trials have demonstrated that daily EGCG supplementation can reduce serum PSA levels.11 Drinking 2 to 4 cups of quality green tea daily is a reasonable, well-tolerated approach to incorporating this research into your routine.
What is the connection between soil health and herbal potency for prostate support?
The prostate-supporting compounds in herbs, beta-sitosterol, lignans, curcuminoids, and catechins, are secondary metabolites that plants produce in response to environmental stress, including interactions with soil microorganisms. When plants grow in biologically rich, living soil, they face healthy microbial challenges that trigger greater production of these defense compounds. Research at Sacred Plant Co's I·M·POSSIBLE Farm documented a 400% increase in soil microbial activity, which we believe directly correlates with the concentration and diversity of therapeutic compounds in the plants grown in that system. You can review the Regen Ag Lab microbial activity data for details.
Can women benefit from prostate-supporting herbs like nettle and turmeric?
Absolutely. While the prostate is a male organ, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hormone-modulating properties of nettle leaf, turmeric, and green tea support wellness in all bodies. Stinging nettle leaf is a premier nutritive herb for anyone seeking mineral-rich support, allergy relief, or joint comfort. Turmeric's curcumin benefits are not gender-specific. Green tea catechins support cellular health broadly. The prostate-specific applications (saw palmetto, nettle root, pygeum) are where the male-targeted benefits concentrate.
Taking Proactive Steps Toward Lifelong Prostate Wellness
Supporting prostate health is not a single intervention but an ongoing practice of nourishing your body with the right botanical allies, sourced with integrity and prepared with intention. The herbs explored in this guide, saw palmetto, stinging nettle, pygeum, pumpkin seed, turmeric, and green tea, represent centuries of traditional observation validated by modern phytochemical and clinical research. Each targets a different aspect of prostate health, from hormonal balance to inflammation reduction to antioxidant defense.
What sets truly effective herbal support apart is the quality of the source material. At Sacred Plant Co, we are committed to regenerative practices that build the soil biology necessary for plants to produce the full spectrum of secondary metabolites that make them medicinal. We believe that the path to potent medicine begins underground, in the invisible network of mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial bacteria that challenge, nourish, and ultimately strengthen the plants we depend on for healing.
Start where you are. A daily cup of nettle tea. A tincture added to your morning routine. A turmeric golden milk before bed. Small, consistent actions compound over time into meaningful support for your prostate, your urinary comfort, and your overall vitality.
This article is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any new herbal supplement protocol, especially if you are managing a diagnosed condition or taking prescription medications.
References
- Launer BM, McVary KT, Ricke WA, Lloyd GL. The rising worldwide impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU International. 2021;127(6):722-728.
- Lepor H. Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the aging male population. Reviews in Urology. 2005;7(Suppl 4):S3-S12.
- Koch E. Extracts from fruits of saw palmetto (Sabal serrulata) and roots of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica): viable alternatives in the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Planta Medica. 2001;67(6):489-500.
- Molina-Hernandez O, Mas-Ferreiro R, et al. Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of Palmex, saw palmetto, finasteride and tamsulosin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Journal of Medicinal Food. 2024;27(9). Published online.
- Defined-Henderson C, et al. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2024.
- Nahata A, Dixit VK. Ameliorative effects of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Andrologia. 2012;44(Suppl 1):396-409.
- Saponaro M, Giacomini I, Morandin G, et al. Serenoa repens and Urtica dioica fixed combination: in vitro validation of a therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(23):9178.
- Hewlings SJ, Kalman DS. Curcumin: a review of its effects on human health. Foods. 2017;6(10):92. See also: Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB. Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS Journal. 2013;15(1):195-218.
- Tang N, Wu Y, Zhou B, Wang B, Yu R. Green tea, black tea consumption and risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Lung Cancer. 2009;65(3):274-283. See also: Epidemiological data on Asian green tea consumption and prostate cancer mortality.
- Liao S, Hiipakka RA. Selective inhibition of steroid 5 alpha-reductase isozymes by tea epicatechin-3-gallate and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1995;214(3):833-838.
- Kumar NB, Pow-Sang J, Egan KM, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of green tea catechins for prostate cancer prevention. Cancer Prevention Research. 2015;8(10):879-887.
